What is retinitis pigmentosa?
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders that cause progressive vision loss. RP typically begins with night blindness and loss of peripheral (side) vision, eventually leading to tunnel vision and, in some cases, loss of central vision. The condition is caused by genetic mutations that affect the retina’s ability to respond to light.
Causes and risk factors
- Genetics: RP is inherited and can be passed down in autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked patterns.
- Family history: Having a family member with RP increases your risk.
- Associated syndromes: Some forms of RP are linked with other conditions, such as hearing loss (Usher syndrome).
Symptoms
- Difficulty seeing at night (night blindness)
- Gradual loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision)
- Trouble adjusting to changes in lighting
- Loss of central vision in advanced stages
- Glare or light sensitivity
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through a comprehensive eye exam and may include:
- Dilated retinal exam: To look for characteristic changes in the retina.
- Visual field testing: To assess peripheral vision loss.
- Electroretinography (ERG): Measures the electrical response of the retina to light.
- Genetic testing: Identifies the specific gene mutation and helps with family counseling.
Treatment options
Currently, there is no cure for RP.
- Low vision aids: Magnifiers, special glasses, and adaptive technology can help maximize remaining vision.
- Orientation and mobility training: Helps patients adapt to vision loss.
- Cataract surgery: May improve vision if cataracts develop.
- Emerging therapies: Gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and retinal implants are being researched and may offer hope for the future.
Prognosis and ongoing care
- The rate of progression varies from person to person.
- Many people with RP retain some usable vision for many years.
- Regular eye exams and genetic counseling are important for monitoring and support.
- Early intervention with low vision services can help maintain independence and quality of life.
Our approach
We provide comprehensive care for patients with retinitis pigmentosa, including advanced diagnostic testing, genetic counseling, low vision rehabilitation, and access to the latest research and clinical trials. Our goal is to support your vision and quality of life at every stage.
Patient Resources
- Foundation Fighting Blindness – education, support, and information on research and clinical trials.
- National Eye Institute (NEI) – Retinitis Pigmentosa
- American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) – Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Low vision services: Ask our office for referrals to local low vision rehabilitation programs and support groups.
If you have additional questions or need support, please contact our office. We are here to help you every step of the way.